Tag Archives: Martyrs

August Thoughts… The Poor, the Lowly, and the Despised

Meditations, , , , ,

Throughout August, the Church remembers a great variety of people and helps us to see the great variety of those who have faith in Christ Jesus our Lord. As we look at these, our brothers and sisters who have gone on before us, we see how the Lord Himself does not show partiality (Acts 10:34-35) but raises up the poor, and the lowly, and the despised who trust in Him.

As always, these saints and days can be found in Lutheran Service Book on pages xi-xiii. Those that are italicized are not found in LSB, but are in Liturgies et Cantiques Luthériens, the French language hymnal prepared by LCC and used by our French-speaking sister congregations as well as French Lutherans around the world. These can also be found on pages xi-xiii of the LCL.

All Scripture quotations are from the Evangelical Heritage Version.

August 3: Joanna, Mary, and Salome, Myrrhbearers

Russian icon of the Myrrbearing Women depicting the angel pointing to the empty tomb.

Joanna, Mary, and Salome (1st century AD) were three of the myrrhbearing women who came to care for the body of our Lord after His death and were some of the first witnesses of His resurrection. Joanna was the wife of Chuza, Herod’s steward. She is first mentioned in Luke 7 where she listed among the women who financially supported Jesus and His disciples. Mary was the mother of James the Younger and Joseph (also called Joses). Finally, there is Salome, who also was one who ministered to the needs of Jesus and the disciples and was present at the crucifixion of our Lord. There three women, along with Mary Magdalene, came to the tomb early on the day after the Sabbath out of love for their Lord to properly anoint Him for burial. Their love proved greater than the disciples for they were afraid and locked themselves away, but these women did not care if others identified them as followers of Jesus. Thus, through their loving actions their faith was shown. Rather than finding the Lord they instead found an open tomb and angels, proclaiming the glorious resurrection of their Saviour and commissioned them to spread this news to the fearful eleven. For such great love and faith we give thanks to God and we pray that He would grant us the same to bravely and confidently be identified as Christians, even when others fear.

[The angel] said to them, “Do not be alarmed. You are looking for Jesus the Nazarene, who was crucified. He has risen! He is not here. See the place where they laid him. But go, tell his disciples and Peter, ‘He is going ahead of you into Galilee. There you will see him, just as he told you.’”

Mark 16:6-7

August 8: Jean Vallière, Martyr

Jean Vallière (c. 1483 – August 8, 1523) was an Agustinian monk and French martyr during the Reformation. Vallière was a hermit who lived near Livry outside of Paris. He met the humanist Jacques Lefèvre d’Étaples at Meaux and it was there that he learned of the budding Reformation in Germany and was convinced of the saving Gospel. After teaching and preaching this in the surrounding villages he was arrested for spreading the “heresy of Luther.” In order to help discourage the populace from following this teaching he was falsely accused of various other blasphemies (this same tactic was employed at the Diets of both Worms and Augsburg). He was burnt alive in the centre of Paris wearing his hermit’s garb confessing that his only hope was in his Lord Jesus Christ and the grace of God. This martyrdom was one of the many early on during the Reformation and was little over a month after the first martyrs of the Reformation Hendrick Voes and Jan van Essen (also Augustinian monks) were put to death in Brussels. We give thanks to God for this martyr and his steadfast faith, and pray that He would likewise preserve us under trial.

[Jesus said,] “I have told you these things so that you will not fall away. They will put you out of the synagogues. In fact, a time is coming when anyone who murders you will think he is offering a service to God.”

John 16:1-2

August 10: Lawrence, Deacon and Martyr

Lawrence (December 31, 225 – August 10, 258) was a deacon in Rome and a martyr in the persecution of Emperor Valerian. As a deacon, Lawrence was one of those responsible for the care for the poor and other mercy work (such as ransoming prisoners of war, paying for the debt of those about to enter slavery, etc). Because many of these acts required the use of money there were rumours among the pagans that the Church was in possession of great wealth and treasures. Lawrence, one whom they knew was responsible for such work, was brought before the authorities and commanded to hand over the treasures of the Church or to be put to death. Lawrence agreed and went throughout the city gathering the poor, the lowly, and the despised and any whom the Church would care for. When questioned about the meaning of what he had done Lawrence replied that these people were the treasures of the Church. As a result, he was ordered to be put to death by being burned alive on a grill. Like many of the ancient martyrs, Lawrence went to his death with joy because he knew that His Saviour who purchased him with the precious treasure of His blood would receive him. At one point he is said to have told his executioners, “Turn me over, this side is finished!” In Lawrence we have an example to follow in his steadfast faith in the face of death and of love towards our neighbours, especially the poor, lowly, and despised.

For example, consider your call, brothers. Not many of you were wise from a human point of view, not many were powerful, and not many were born with high status. But God chose the foolish things of the world to put to shame those who are wise. God chose the weak things of the world to put to shame the things that are strong.

1 Corinthians 1:26-27

August 15: St. Mary, Mother of our Lord

The Virgin of the Grapes by Lucas Cranach the Elder (1520-1525)

The Blessed Virgin Mary (1st century AD) was the one whom our Lord and God favoured and chose to be the mother of the only-begotten Son in the flesh. By her own words in the Magnificat (her inspired song which we still sing at Vespers) she was from a poor and insignificant family, despite being a descendant of David. While still a virgin, the angel Gabriel appeared to her and told her of the miracle of the incarnation and virgin birth of the Saviour. In response, she gives the Amen of faith. She appears in a number of events in the life of her Son, our Saviour including at His circumcision, His presentation in the Temple, His questioning of the teachers at the Temple while a child, and at His first miracle at the wedding in Canna. She was also present at the crucifixion, where in tender love towards her, our Saviour gave her into the care of His beloved disciple John with whom she lived until she died. She is said to have died in Ephesus, where John was eventually bishop. It was here where the ecumenical council was held which answered the question of whether she should be called θεοτόκος (theotokos, God-bearer). The answer was yes, for her Son was both man and God, thus the one she bore is not a mere man, but God in the flesh. As such it is appropriate to call her the Mother of God. For this we give thanks, and call her blessed, for by God’s grace she holds a special position which none other can claim, bearing the Saviour of the world even though she did not deserve it. For this she is the most blessed of all women, and in her we see an example of pure faith in Jesus and God’s desire to save all by His grace even though they do not deserve such a gift. 

The angel went to her and said, “Greetings, you who are highly favored! The Lord is with you. Blessed are you among women!”

Luke 1:28

August 16: Isaac, Patriarch

Isaac (c. 2066 – 1886 BC) the son of Abraham, was one of the three major patriarchs leading up to the children of Israel. Isaac himself was the child of the promise which the Lord God made to Abraham and Sarah that even though in their old age they would have a child through whom all the nations of the world would be blessed. This ultimately finds its fulfillment in Jesus Christ, for through His death as a sacrifice for sin all nations are blessed and may be saved. There is far less in the Scriptures regarding Isaac compared to his father Abraham and his youngest son Jacob. However, there are a number of parallels and types of Christ in his life. In addition to being the child of promise, he was also a type of our Lord’s death and resurrection. In testing Abraham, God asked Abraham to offer to him his son, his beloved son, to Him. Isaac, like Christ, bears the wood of his sacrifice up the mountain to the altar. However, rather than dying, he is spared when the Lord provides a ram to sacrifice instead. This points us forward to God who gave His Son, His beloved Son, as a sacrifice for sin so that He might die in the place of sinners. As an ancestor of Christ, we give thanks to God for him, as well as for the ways in which he points forward to his holy Descendant who fulfills what he enacted by type and shadow.

Then Abraham fell on his face and laughed and said in his heart, “Will a child be born to someone who is one hundred years old? Will Sarah, who is ninety years old, give birth?” And Abraham said to God, “Oh, let Ishmael live in your presence!” But God said, “No, Sarah, your wife, will bear a son for you. You shall name him Isaac. I will establish my covenant with him as an everlasting covenant for his descendants after him.

Genesis 17:17-19

August 17: Johann Gerhard, Theologian

Painting by unknown artist of Johann Gerhard at the University of Jena

Johann Gerhard (October 17, 1582 – August 17, 1637) was a Lutheran theologian and pastor in the 17th century and played a large role in reacting to challenges from both Calvinist and Roman Catholic apologists. Today Gerhard is known for both his devotional and dogmatic writings. His devotional works are rich in imagery and display some of the finest examples of Lutheran piety which is saturated with Scripture and application to daily life while focusing on the work of our Saviour. His first great work, Sacred Meditations, was completed when he was only 22 years old. His dogmatic works include an in-depth systematic theology which builds on those of Martin Chemnitz and Philip Melanchthon and remains to this day one of the greatest works of Lutheran theology. Other works of his focus on the catholic character of the Evangelical Church by demonstrating that it is in harmony with the ancient and medieval Church, it is merely purified of innovations. Through all of these works his love for his Saviour and great faith is evident and he demonstrates for us how piety and orthodoxy should go hand in hand.

[Jesus] said to them, “Therefore every expert in the law who has been trained as a disciple in the kingdom of heaven is like the owner of a house who brings out of his treasure both new things and old things.”

Matthew 13:52

August 19: Bernard of Clairvaux, Hymnwriter and Theologian

Bernard of Clairvaux (1090 – August 19, 1153) was a prominent abbot, theologian, and hymnwriter in the 12th century. As a young man, Bernard joined a reformed Benedictine monastery at Citeaux (the first Cistercian monastery) that sought to follow the Rule of St. Benedict more strictly. Early on he was chosen to head a new monastery for the order. Bernard’s theology was often very devotional and many of his works were influential in shaping Lutheran devotional writers. Bernard also saw the importance of music and its role in theology and teaching. His hymns have been used continuously in the Church since his time and have been translated and used as the basis of new hymns as well, including some in our hymnal. Bernard was held up by the Reformers as an example of one of those in the past who sought out monasticism for the right reasons: in order to study the Scriptures and be devoted to teaching and contemplation while still trusting solely in Christ for his salvation.

Therefore I will praise you among the nations, Lord. To your name I will make music.

Psalm 18:49

August 20: Samuel, Prophet

Samuel (c. 1080 – c. 1010 BC) was a prophet and judge in pre-kingdom Israel. Samuel’s birth was the result of God’s special intervention and so his mother Hannah gave him to the tabernacle to serve the Lord. At this time, Hannah prayed the Exultavit Cor Meum, a song with themes very similar to St. Mary’s Magnificat. The Lord first called Samuel when he was young and gave him the difficult task of prophesying to Eli the priest the fall of his house. As judge, Samuel guided the people of Israel for many years before they demanded a king. The Lord used him to anoint His chosen king, Saul, and later when Saul lost the favour of God by his rebellion, Samuel was sent to anoint David. Samuel acts for us as an example of faithfulness to God amidst an unfaithful world. Samuel felt rejected when the people asked for a king, but the Lord comforted him telling him that the people were not rejecting him, but God Himself (1 Sam 8:7). Samuel had to live with the fact that not only his people, but even his own sons, rejected the way of God (1 Sam 8:1-3). In him we see God’s care for His faithful people, even when their children reject Him, and so may be strengthened if we face similar situations.

My heart rejoices in the Lord! In the Lord, my horn is raised high. My mouth is opened wide against my enemies, because I find joy in your salvation.

1 Samuel 2:1

August 24: St. Bartholomew, Apostle

Saint Bartholomew by Lucas Cranach the Elder, St. Bartholomew is depicted holding his skin (indicative of his martyrdom) and under a fig tree (as per John 1)

St. Bartholomew (1st century AD), also called Nathanael in the Gospel of St. John, was an Apostle of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ. Bartholomew was called by St. Philip (John 1:43-51) and was originally sceptical of the Lord as the Messiah until hearing His words. Aside from his call, there is little mentioned of him in the New Testament besides the lists of the Disciples. According to tradition Bartholomew and St. Jude Thaddaeus brought the Gospel to the people of Armenia. He is remembered to have been martyred for the Lord by being flayed alive and then beheaded. As such, he is often depicted holding a knife in art. Bartholomew is an example for us of humble faith because he served the Lord not for notoriety or to gain anything, but because of his love for Him and out of thanks for the forgiveness of sins. His conversion is also an example of the Lord’s mercy and love for even those who doubt and of His powerful word to give us confidence in Him.

Jesus replied, “You believe because I told you that I saw you under the fig tree. You will see greater things than that!” Then he added, “Amen, Amen, I tell you: You will see heaven opened and the angels of God ascending and descending on the Son of Man.”

John 1:50-51

August 26: Caesarius of Arles, Theologian

Caesarius of Arles (c. 468 – August 27, 582) was bishop of Arles in modern France. As bishop, Caesarius was responsible for overseeing the clergy under him. While some at this time were already treating this office as a political appointment, Caesarius stressed the need for the bishop to teach and care for the laity and clergy in their care. Because of this, Caesarius became known for his sermons, over 250 of which survive to this day. He also stressed the importance of the Word in the life of the Christian, both in the Divine Service and in the home. He desired that the people study and read or hear the Scriptures at home and to treasure the Scriptures just as much as they treasured the Sacraments. Caesarius oversaw the Synod of Orange in 529 which upheld the truth of the Gospel against semi-Pelagianism. This synod was used as an example by the Reformers of God preserving the pure Gospel within the Church at all times and as proof that the doctrine which they taught was not new but had always been believed and accepted. Caesarius serves as an example for pastors and all can be encouraged by his teaching and reminding us of the importance of the Word in our lives. 

Your words are a lamp for my feet and a light for my path.

Psalm 119:105

August 27: Monica, Mother of Augustine

Saint Augustine and his mother, Saint Monica by Arny Sheffer (1846)

Monica (c. 332 – 387) was the mother of Augustine and an example of patience and love for unbelieving children. Monica was from Thagaste in North Africa (modern Algeria) and married a pagan named Patricius, a city official. Patricius did not allow Monica to bring any of her children to be baptized and so they were raised in the usual way of Roman pagans. At one time in Augustine’s childhood while very ill, Monica convinced Patricius to allow Augustine to be baptized, but he reneged when he recovered. And so, through much of her life, Monica watched as her husband and children continued in unbelief while she alone held to saving faith. She remained in constant prayer for her family even when it seemed that they continued to go in the wrong direction. Eventually she saw her prayers answered when her son converted to Christianity while in Italy. On their way back to Africa after his baptism in Milan Monica was called to glory and died in peace in Ostia. For centuries, she has been an example to follow for those parents of unbelieving children and children who have left the faith. She is an example of continuing in prayer for them, keeping relationships with them, and entrusting them into the care of God alone who can convert their hearts.

Rejoice always. Pray without ceasing. In everything give thanks. For this is God’s will for you in Christ Jesus.

1 Thessalonians 5:16-18

August 28: Augustine, Pastor and Theologian

Augustine of Hippo (November 13, 354 – August 28, 430) was an influential North African pastor and theologian. Augustine grew up in a pagan manner after his father, despite the protests of his mother Monica. While going to school in Carthage he became a Manichaean and took to living with a woman outside of marriage and fathered a child. Augustine moved to Milan in order to take a position as a teacher of rhetoric. In Milan, influenced by his studies in various philosophies, his reading of the New Testament at the advice of his mother, and the preaching and conversations with Ambrose of Milan he was convinced of the truth of the Christian faith. After returning to Africa he was ordained at Hippo in 391. Four years later he was elected Bishop of Hippo. As the bishop Augustine gave himself to preaching and the study of the Scriptures. Augustine was one of the key figures who opposed Pelagius’ heresy, and many of his writings and commentaries became extremely influential in the Western Church. He is an example of a faithful pastor, of God’s mercy by way of his conversion later in life, and of a faithful theologian. 

The goal of this command is love that comes from a pure heart, from a good conscience, and from a sincere faith.

1 Timothy 1:5

August 29: Martyrdom of St. John the Baptist

The Feast of Herod and the Beheading of John the Baptist by Benozzo Gozzoli (1461-62)

According to Christian tradition, it was on this day in AD 28 when Herod Antipas put St. John the Baptist to death by having him beheaded while in prison (Mark 6:27). Through his life, St. John was the forerunner of Christ, “going before the Lord to prepare His way” (Luke 1:76). This happened in his birth, his preaching, his baptising of the Lord, and even in his innocent death. For John was not put to death for any crime but due to a grudge that Herodias, the illegitimate wife of Herod, had concerning his preaching of repentance from the Word of God. As the last prophet before the Messiah and last prophet of the Old Covenant, John points forward to the Messiah that he proclaimed even in his death. Even his burial is similar to that of his Lord’s, for John’s disciples came and took the body away to bury it after his death (Mark 6:29). And while during the Reformation the abuse of relics was connected to this festival (there are four places which claim to have the head of John the Baptist, including a mosque), this festival helps us to remember the example of John the Baptist and encourages us in the bearing of our crosses and out witness to our faith and the hope of everlasting life we have within us.

A white robe was given to each one of [the souls of the martyrs under the altar]. And they were told to rest a little longer until their number would be complete, when their fellow servants and their brothers would be put to death as they were.

Revelation 6:11

April Thoughts… The True, the Good, and the Beautiful

Meditations, , , , , , , ,

Truth, goodness, and beauty are sometimes referred to as transcendentals, those things that come before and excel everything else. These things find their fullness in God who is the Truth, Goodness, and Beauty beyond all measure. Likewise, these things are reflected in creation, and in His creatures. This is also true in His people, the Church. This month we remember those who have gone before us who have, in the service of God, demonstrated these things including artists, parish pastors, and theologians. Through all these, our Lord has shown us His desire to save all people and has given us pictures of His grace in the lives of people.

All of these saints and days can be found in the Lutheran Service Book on pages xi-xiii. Those that are italicized are not found in LSB, but are in Liturgies et Cantiques Luthériens, the French language hymnal prepared by LCC and used by our French-speaking sister congregations as well as French Lutherans around the world. These can also be found on pages xi-xiii of the LCL.

All Scripture quotations are from the Evangelical Heritage Version.

April 6: Lucas Cranach and Albrecht Duerer, Artists

Wittenberg Altarpiece by Lucas Cranach showing Baptism, the Lord’s Supper, Confession and Absolution, and Preaching.

Lucas Cranach (c. 1472 – October 16, 1553) and Albrecht Duerer (May 2, 1471 – April 6, 1528) were two of the brightest lights in the Northern Renaissance. Both of these artists used their art to glorify God and depict the beauty of His creation. Lucas Cranach was the court painter of Frederick the Wise, Elector of Saxony. Because of this he had ready access to Luther and the other reformers and theologians in Wittenburg. Cranach supported the work of the Reformation and used his workshop to create paintings and woodcuts which proclaimed the Gospel and Scriptural teachings. He was also responsible for painting many of the portraits of those associated with the Reformation. Some of his other great works included many altar pieces which still adorn churches in Germany. Albrecht Duerer was court painter for Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I. After the emperor died, he returned to his hometown of Nuremberg, where he continued to work. Duerer also had many religious themes in his artwork, including woodcut series on the Revelation to St. John as well as the Passion of our Lord. His own writings and those of his friends demonstrate that he too was a supporter of the Reformation. The council and mayor of his city, Nuremberg, was one of the original presenters of the Augsburg Confession in 1530. Both of these men in their vocation as artists glorified God through their skill as well as in much of the subject matter of their paintings. We give thanks to God for them and how God has shone through them as well as for all artists who continue to skillfully work today.

Ascribe to the Lord the glory of his name. Bring an offering and come before him. Worship the Lord in the splendor of holiness.

1 Chronicles 16:29

April 20: Johannes Bugenhagen, Pastor

Johannes Bugenhangen (1537) by Lucas Cranach

Johannes Bugenhagen (June 24, 1485 – April 20, 1558), also known as Pomeranius, was a parish pastor in Wittenberg and responsible for organizing the reforming Church in Pomerania and Denmark-Norway. Bugenhagen was the parish pastor at St. Mary’s in Wittenberg during the Reformation and so often shared preaching and teaching duties with Martin Luther. One of the gifts which God had given Bugenhagen was that of organization and administration. This is demonstrated in his helping with Luther’s translation of the Bible, writing new Church Orders for a number of northern territories including Demnark-Norway, and eventually being appointed Superintendent of the Church in Saxony and overseeing all other pastors. In recognition of the importance of his work in Scandinavia, he is sometimes known as “the second apostle to the north” for his work in bringing the pure Gospel to the people whom Ansgar (the first “apostle to the north”) first brought the Gospel. In all of this, he was still also a pastor to the people in Wittenberg and continued to preach and administer the sacraments. Following Luther’s death Bugenhagen cared for his widow and children. We give thanks to God for the grace he has shown us in His servant Johannes Bugenhagen, and pray that He would continue to uphold all pastors in their vocations of serving His people.

He himself gave the apostles, as well as the prophets, as well as the evangelists, as well as the pastors and teachers, for the purpose of training the saints for the work of serving, in order to build up the body of Christ.

Ephesians 4:11-12

April 21: Anselm of Canterbury, Theologian

Statue of Anselm at Canterbury Cathedral.

Anselm of Canterbury (c. 1033 – April 21, 1109) was an Archbishop of Canterbury and author of a very important and influential work on the incarnation and atonement. Anselm grew up in what is now Italy and after a time of carefree living eventually ended up in a monastery in Bec, France. Due to his relationship with Lafranc, the last Archbishop of Canterbury, the English bishops earnestly desired to have Anselm take his place. While originally reluctant, he accepted the position. As archbishop, Anselm took up the job of reforming the Church in England, including dealing with the investiture controversy. As a result, he ran into conflict with the secular authorities and was exiled on more than one occasion. In the midst of all this Anselm wrote many theological and philosophical writings. Because of this he is known as the Father of Scholasticism. One of his most important works, Cur Deus Homo (Why the God-Man? or Why did God Become Man?), explores purpose of the incarnation according to the Scriptures and what happened in the atonement. In it, he beautifully writes and explains Christ making satisfaction for sins by means of being a substitute for humanity in His death. We give thanks to God for Anselm, who taught the truth and clearly pointed to Christ as our substitute who vicariously died for us.

For God was pleased to have all his fullness dwell in [Jesus], and through him to reconcile all things to himself (whether things on earth or in heaven) by making peace through the blood of his cross.

Colossians 1:19-20

April 23: George, Martyr

St. George on Foot (1502) by Albrecht Duerer. George is depicted as a contemporary knight next to the slain dragon.

George (d. April 23, 303) was a soldier in the Roman military, and martyr in the Roman Emperor Diocletian’s persecution of Christians within the army. Not too much is known of George’s life. He was born to a father of Greek background and mother from Palestine in the province of Cappadocia in modern day Turkey. After his father’s death, George and his mother returned to Palestine. It was there where he joined the Roman army. As a soldier, George did not hide his faith in Christ, but openly followed the Lord. As a result, he would not pray to the specific pagan gods associated with his legion nor to the emperor. When Diocletian ordered the persecution of Christians George refused to give up the faith and so was executed. The Holy Spirit, working through George’s proclamation of Christ in his death, brought some of the witnesses of his martyrdom to faith in Christ. Around 700 years later, the account of his life grew so great that it was said he saved an entire village from a dragon. While this much later addition is legendary, we know George was a faithful witness for Christ and even today gives us encouragement to remain faithful to Christ even in the face of death.

But you, O man of God, flee from these things and pursue righteousness, godliness, faith, love, perseverance, and gentleness. Fight the good fight of faith. Take hold of eternal life, to which you were called and about which you made your good confession in the presence of many witnesses.

1 Timothy 6:11-12

April 24: Johann Walter, Kantor

Portrait of Johann Walter, unknown date.

Johann Walter (1496 – March 25, 1570) was a composer of sacred music during the time of the Reformation. Walter was the chief cantor in the court of Duke Frederick the Wise of Saxony. Walter wrote the music for many of the early evangelical hymns, putting the Gospel message and teaching of true doctrine into the mouths of clergy and laypeople alike in the form of song. Because he was in Wittenberg, Walter often worked with Luther to write tunes and setting the for choir. Some examples are the credal hymn “We All Believe in One True God,” the Easter hymn “Christ Jesus Lay in Death’s Strong Bands,” and other hymns such as “A Mighty Fortress is Our God” (click here for a choral setting of “A Mighty Fortress”). Walter also was the editor of the first hymnal made for choirs during the Reformation, allowing the truth of God to be spread by song and to accompany the Word of God with beauty. He also wrote hymn texts as well, and in our hymnal we can find this in LSB 514, “The Bridegroom Soon Will Call Us.” Following the death of Frederick the Wise Walter accepted a call to be the cantor of the choir in Torgau where he continued to praise and glorify God through his music while also teaching the faith and building up the Church. We give thanks to God for Johann Walter and all other church musicians and all musicians who glorify God with their talents.

Shout for joy, you heavens, because of what the Lord is doing. Make a joyful shout, you depths of the earth. Burst forth with shouts of joy, you mountains, you forest and every tree in it, because the Lord has redeemed Jacob, and in Israel he will display his beauty.

Isaiah 44:23

April 25: St. Mark, Evangelist

St. Mark and St. Paul from Albrecht Duerer’s “The Four Apostles” (1526)

St. Mark (5 – April 25, 68) the evangelist is one of the four writers of the Gospels which we have in the Holy Scriptures giving us an account of the Lord Jesus Christ’s life, death, and resurrection. Mark’s Gospel gives us the name for the four books because it begins “The beginning of the Gospel of Jesus Christ, the Son of God” (Mark 1:1). Mark is often identified with John Mark, the cousin of Barnabas, who is mentioned throughout the book of Acts as a companion of St. Paul and Barnabas (Acts 12:25, 13:5, 13:13-14, 15:37-40). Marks’ Gospel is often characterized as fast moving. It begins with the ministry of John the Baptist and the baptism of Jesus and continues with events happening one after another after another. Many times these events in Jesus’ life are connected with the adverb, “immediately.” Because of a number of thoughts of Peter in the Gospel (such as Mark 9:5-6 “Peter said to Jesus, ‘Rabbi, it is good for us to be here. Let us make three tents: one for you, one for Moses, and one for Elijah.’ He did not know what to say because they were terrified.”) it is traditionally said that Peter was the source for Mark’s Gospel, for he himself was not an eyewitness to these things. Traditionally Mark is said to have later went to Egypt after he completed his Gospel, where he founded the Church in Alexandria. In art, each of the four evangelists are identified with one of the four living creatures in Revelation. Mark is identified with the winged lion because of the forcefulness of which he presents Jesus’ preaching and teaching. In the three year lectionary the second year is dedicated to focusing primarily on Mark’s Gospel, as we are this year. We give thanks to God for His apostles and evangelists through whom He brought the word of salvation to so many in their day and continues to do so through their words in His Church.

The beginning of the gospel of Jesus Christ, the Son of God.

Mark 1:1

March Thoughts… Sombre Celebration

Meditations, , , ,

During the season of Lent the Church still remembers those who went before and those important events in the life of our Lord. March includes a large variety, including Old and New Testament saints as well as both well known and lesser known early Church saints and one of the principal feasts of Christ. Read this to learn more about our sombre celebrations during March.

March 7: Perpetua and Felicitas, Martyrs

Perpetua and Felicitas from the Archepiscopal Chapel in Ravenna, Italy.

Vivia Perpetua (c. 182 – c. 202) and Felicitas (? – c. 202), were North African martyrs put to death for their faith by the decree of Septimius Severus (r. 193-211). The difference between the lives of these two martyrs up to their deaths could not have been greater. Perpetua was from a noble and wealthy family in Carthage and enjoyed many of the privileges which went along with it, including a liberal education. She had a respectable marriage and had an infant son. Felicitas, on the other hand, was a slave who was pregnant. However different these women were, they shared a love of Christ and would die as witnesses for Him together as sisters. In the time leading up to their execution, Perpetua gave her son into the care of her brother (who was also a Christian), and Felicitas gave birth and was able to have a member of her congregation take her daughter to raise in the faith. These two women, steadfast in the faith, were publicly executed before the crowds in honour of the Emperor’s birthday, first facing wild beasts, and finally being killed by the sword. One of the most moving images from the account of their martyrdom recalls that when they were brought out a second time into the arena, the two women of such different stature and already injured from the wild beasts, greeted each other with the kiss of peace. In these two our God has given us examples of steadfastness under trial, that His strength is demonstrated in weakness, and that no matter our backgrounds all Christians are brothers and sisters and equal heirs of salvation.

Precious in the eyes of the Lord is the death of his favored ones

Psalm 116:15

March 17: Patrick, Missionary to the Irish

Stained glass from St. Benin in Kilbennan, Ireland. The clover is associated with Patrick because of his teaching on the Holy Trinity.

Patrick (c. 385 – March 17, 461), was a Roman-British pastor and missionary to the Irish people. While Patrick’s family was Christian, he did not take the faith seriously in his youth or think of himself as a Christian. When he was sixteen he was captured by pagan Irish pirates and was enslaved for six years. During his time of captivity, Patrick turned to the God of his fathers whom he had previously dismissed, and came to a repentant faith in Christ. When he returned to Britain, Patrick immersed himself in the study of the faith and was eventually ordained. After this he returned to the land of his captivity, moved by love for the people of Ireland and wanting to share with them the Gospel of Christ that they might be set free from slavery to sin. The Lord worked wonderfully through Patrick, bringing many to faith in Christ so that multitudes from the rich to the poor, and from peasants to princes believed. The legend of Patrick driving the snakes from Ireland is most likely symbolic of his work driving paganism from the island through the preaching of Christ. He is remembered as one of the great missionaries to the nations because God used Patrick to bring Christianity to the Irish people, who would in turn, would send missionaries throughout many places in Europe still under the shadow of sin and death. His life also shows us an example of the love we are to have for our enemies, and for that, we give thanks to God that He had given him this great love, and pray that He would grant it to us as well.

[Jesus said,] “You have heard that it was said, ‘Love your neighbor and hate your enemy.’ But I tell you, love your enemies and pray for those who persecute you, so that you may be children of your Father who is in heaven.”

Matthew 5:43-45a

March 19: St. Joseph, Guardian of Jesus

“Dream of Flight” by Daniele Crespi (c. 1625), where the angel warns Joseph to flee to Egypt.

St. Joseph (1st century BC – 1st century AD) was the husband of the Blessed Virgin Mary, and the legal father of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ. While Joseph is not the biological father of Jesus, God used Joseph for His purposes in bringing salvation through His Son. While “guardian” brings to mind “legal guardian” for us today, the title is telling us more, and really speaks to how God used Joseph. As the guardian of Jesus, Joseph was a shield from scandal for our Lord as He was conceived of a virgin. Many could use this as a way to insult Him during His life and dismiss His ministry by making improper assumptions or accusations of His parentage. As the guardian of Jesus, Joseph is the legal father and provides Jesus with the legal descent from David, making Him the Son of David which fulfils the promises God made to David. As the guardian of Jesus, Joseph would have helped to raise Jesus and teach to Him the faith, and his trade. Joseph is present at the early events of our Lord’s life up to when He stays at the Temple after Passover while His family returns to Nazareth (Luke 2:41-50), but does not appear after this. This probably contributes to the tradition that Joseph was already older when he was betrothed to Mary, as he is not present at all in Jesus’ ministry, His death, or after His resurrection. Yet, Joseph faithfully fulfilled his calling as Jesus’ guardian and so today we thank God for him, and pray for all fathers and those who act as fathers for the fatherless.

This is how the birth of Jesus Christ took place. His mother, Mary, was pledged in marriage to Joseph. Before they came together, she was found to be with child by the Holy Spirit. Joseph, her husband, was a righteous man and did not want to disgrace her. So he decided to divorce her privately. But as he was considering these things, an angel of the Lord suddenly appeared to him in a dream and said, “Joseph, son of David, do not be afraid to take Mary home as your wife, because the child conceived in her is from the Holy Spirit. She will give birth to a son, and you are to give him the name Jesus, because he will save his people from their sins.”

Matthew 2:18-21

March 25: The Annunciation of our Lord

The Annunciation (c. 1515 – 1525), from the workshop of Lucas Cranach the Elder

Nine months before Christmas, the Church celebrates the Annunciation of our Lord, when the angel Gabriel appeared to the Virgin Mary to announce that she would conceive and bear a son (Luke 1:26-28). This is celebrated as one of the principal feasts of Christ because it is an important event in His earthly life. While it may seem that we got this date by counting backwards from Christmas, it is actually the opposite! The early Church celebrated the Annunciation first, and only later was Christmas added by going forward nine months. The timing of this day comes from an old belief that important people would have perfect ages, that is, they would die on the day of their conception. This feast was then calculated based on when Jesus died. Because of this the Annunciation happens during Lent, and it gives us a small respite from our solemn season to celebrate the conception of our Lord Jesus who would die for our sins. The Annunciation helps us remember that our Lord Jesus went through all the experiences of human life, including where life begins: conception. It also gives us encouragement to pray for and stand up for the voiceless and helpless, including the unborn, for our Lord Himself was once one such one when the incarnation began. 

The angel went to her and said, “Greetings, you who are highly favored! The Lord is with you. Blessed are you among women.” But she was greatly troubled by the statement and was wondering what kind of greeting this could be. The angel said to her, “Do not be afraid, Mary, because you have found favor with God. Listen, you will conceive and give birth to a son, and you are to name him Jesus. He will be great and will be called the Son of the Most High. The Lord God will give him the throne of his father David. He will reign over the house of Jacob forever, and his kingdom will never end.” 

Luke 1:28-33

March 31: Joseph, Patriarch

Iconographic depiction of Joseph in his Egyptian garb as Pharaoh’s official.

Joseph (c. 1914 – c. 1804 BC) was the son of Jacob by his favoured wife Rachel. The life of Joseph is the main focus of the last section of Genesis from chapter 37 on. Joseph himself is a type of Christ, that is, his life prefigures that of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ. His brothers betrayed him, selling him into slavery in Egypt, while telling their father that he was killed by a beast. However, from this, he is figuratively brought back to life again when he reveals himself to his brothers when they come to Egypt for aid during a famine. Thus, he pointed forward to the betrayal, death, and resurrection of our Lord. As a son of Jacob, one would expect for there to be a tribe of Joseph, as there are with all of Jacob’s 11 other sons. However, there is none. Instead, his two sons Manasseh and Ephraim, born to him by his Egyptian wife Asenath, become two “half tribes” in his place when Joseph asks his father to bless them. Joseph also has a number of events in his life which shine as examples to the faithful. First, as a slave, he resisted the wife of Potiphar who tried to seduce him and was willing to suffer the consequences of doing so, so that he would rather suffer doing right rather than sin (Genesis 39). He also gives an example to us of forgiveness as he forgives his brothers who sold him into slavery and reconciles with them (Genesis 50:15-21).

His brothers also came and fell down in front of him, and they said, “See now, we are your servants.” Joseph said to them, “Do not be afraid, for am I in the place of God? You meant evil against me, but God meant it for good, to bring this to pass and to keep many people alive, as it is this day. Now therefore, do not be afraid. I will nourish you and your little ones.” He comforted them and spoke to them in a kind way.

Genesis 50:18-21